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AUTH Pessoa Cob Bridle $175.00

Zilco Coloured Bridle Substitute Browbands For Carriage Driving Horse Harness $32.85

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Macmillan Padded Raised Bridle with Laced Reins Cob CHT $69.00

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Here Are Some Interesting Facts About Horses

Depending on breed, management and environment, the domestic horse today has a life expectancy of 25 to 30 years. It is uncommon, but a few horses live into their 40s, and, occasionally, beyond. The oldest verifiable record was “Old Billy,” a horse that lived in the 19th century to the age of 62. The size of horses varies by breed, but can also be influenced by nutrition. The general rule for cutoff in height between what is considered a horse and a pony at maturity is 14.2 hands(h or hh) (147 cm, 58 inches) as measured at the withers. An animal 14.2h or over is usually considered a horse and one less than 14.2h is a pony.

However, there are exceptions to the general rule. Some smaller horse breeds who typically produce individual horses both under and over 14.2h are considered “horses” regardless of height. Likewise, some pony breeds, such as the Pony of the Americas or the Welsh cob, share some features of horses and individual animals may occasionally mature at over 14.2h, but are still considered ponies. The difference between a horse and pony is not simply a height difference, but also a difference in phenotype or appearance. There are noticeable differences in conformation and temperament. Ponies often exhibit thicker manes, tails and overall coat. They also have proportionally shorter legs, wider barrels, heavy bone, thick necks, and short heads with broad foreheads.

Light horses such as Arabians, Morgans, Quarter Horses, Paints and Thoroughbreds usually range in height from 14.0 (142 cm) to 16.0 hands (163 cm) and can weigh from 386 kg (850 lbs) to about 680 kg (1500 lbs). Heavy or draft horses such as the Clydesdale, Belgian, Percheron, and Shire are usually at least 16.0 (163 cm) to 18.0 hands (183 cm) high and can weigh from about 682 kg (1500 lb) up to about 900 kg (2000 lb). Ponies are less than 14.2h, but can be much smaller, down to the Shetland pony at around 10 hands, and the Falabella which can be the size of a medium-sized dog. The miniature horse is as small as or smaller than either of the aforementioned ponies but are classified as very small horses rather than ponies despite their size. The largest horse in history was a Shire horse named Sampson, later renamed Mammoth, foaled in 1846 in Bedfordshire, England. He stood 21.2 hands high (i.e. 7 ft 2 in or 2.20 m ), and his peak weight was estimated at over 3,300 lb (approx 1.5 tonnes). The current record holder for the world’s smallest horse is Thumbelina, a fully mature miniature horse affected by dwarfism. She is 17 inches tall and weighs 60 pounds.

Horse breeding

Pregnancy lasts for approximately 335-340 days and usually results in one foal (male: colt, female: filly). Twins are rare. Colts are usually carried 2-7 days longer than fillies. Females 4 years and over are called mares and males are stallions. A castrated male is a gelding. Horses, particularly colts, may sometimes be physically capable of reproduction at approximately 18 months but in practice are rarely allowed to breed until a minimum age of 3 years, especially females. Horses four years old are considered mature, though the skeleton usually finishes developing at the age of six, and the precise time of completion of development also depends on the horse’s size (therefore a connection to breed exists), gender, and the quality of care provided by its owner.

Also, if the horse is larger, its bones are larger; therefore, not only do the bones take longer to actually form bone tissue (bones are made of cartilage in earlier stages of bone formation), but the epiphyseal plates (plates that fuse a bone into one piece by connecting the bone shaft to the bone ends) are also larger and take longer to convert from cartilage to bone as well. These plates convert after the other parts of the bones do but are crucial to development.

Depending on maturity, breed and the tasks expected, young horses are usually put under saddle and trained to be ridden between the ages of two and four. Although Thoroughbred and American Quarter Horse race horses are put on the track at as young as two years old in some countries (notably the United States), horses specifically bred for sports such as show jumping and dressage are generally not entered into top-level competition until a minimum age of four years old, because their bones and muscles are not solidly developed, nor is their advanced training complete.

Horses are adapted to grazing, so their teeth continue to grow throughout life. There are 12 teeth (six upper and six lower), the incisors, adapted to biting off the grass or other vegetation, at the front of the mouth, and 24 teeth, the premolar and molars, adapted for chewing, at the back of the mouth. Stallions and geldings have four additional teeth just behind the incisors, a type of canine teeth that are called “tushes.” Some horses, both male and female, will also develop one to four very small vestigial teeth in front of the molars, known as “wolf” teeth, which are generally removed because they can interfere with the bit. There is an empty interdental space between the incisors and the molars where the bit rests directly on the bars (gums) of the horse’s mouth when the horse is bridled.

The incisors show a distinct wear and growth pattern as the horse ages, as well as change in the angle at which the chewing surfaces meet, and while the diet and veterinary care of the horse can affect the rate of tooth wear, a very rough estimate of the age of a horse can be made by looking at its teeth.

About the Author

Keith Londrie II is the Webmaster of http://horse.about-animals.info A website that specializes in providing information on horses that you can research on the internet at your own pace.
Please Visit http://horse.about-animals.info now!

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Hermes Cape Cod “Galloping H”

It has been working with the table close to the big fire of countless masterpieces cloisonne painting, for Hermes Cape Cod “Galloping H” watch the surface of light and shadow to bring a unique and aesthetic visual effects.

This wrist watch was inspired by Bali Barret created by the love Mashi Si towel, surface rendering bold and elegant design of geometric lines, staggered lines will be the eyes of viewers, so that viewers see is a misconception that three-dimensional the visual experience of a beautiful escape. The entire film using the traditional miniature painting techniques by hand, this beyond the time-tested art treasures owned by the intricate features and high attainments.

Nermes is an extremely difficult material, but the Hermes of the Technicians have been successful across the difficulty of exposing it to show vivid colors and beautiful geometric patterns, in order to watch the depth and leadership to give outstanding fashion style. Swiss painter Anita Porchet Hermes dedication to the implementation of micro-painted on the surface, she has always been a big flame With excellent cloisonne painting skill and repute. Artists to practice their very fine painting technique, using thin brush and paint on the surface of multiple enamel paints, coated with a layer, you must put into the surface of 1100 degrees Celsius inside the furnace of high temperature glaze firing process, re – repeated over and over again the same steps to make a glassy enamel, while also fixing the color in the face plate.

From the 186 hand-modified parts of the H1928 model consisting of a self-winding mechanical movement, placed in the heart of white gold case, through a wide area of the watch at the end of the operation of the Chi Mei demonstrating its sophisticated attitude. Decorated with “H” logo gold automatic plate and plywood, coupled with an arc tap the motherboard, as well as chamfer polished steel screws and parts, without exception and the Cape Cod “Galloping H” big fire enameled painting watch Fine structure of a perfect fit. In addition, the watch fitted with platinum folding buckle and using the brand classic saddle stitch sewn alligator strap a short kiss, so that this latest “Beautiful Escape” masterpiece of the process to establish a successful model.

Cape Cod “Galloping H” big fire painted cloisonne wrist watch offers four different surface color: pepper red, golden yellow, cobalt blue and black / white, with ingenious color, express a refined taste extraordinary. Each color have only made one.

About the Author

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How to Groom Your Horse

Grooming

Tools used for grooming

There are several tools that are commonly used when grooming a horse. Proper use and technique helps to ensure the horse remains comfortable during the grooming process, and allows for greater ease in cleaning the animal. 

Curry or Currycomb:
A tool made of rubber or plastic with short “teeth” on one side, that slides onto the hand of the groom. It is usually the first tool used in daily grooming. The horse is rubbed or “curried” in a circular motion, which helps to loosen dirt, hair, and other detritus, plus stimulate the skin to produce natural oils. The curry comb is usually used in a circular motion to work loose embedded material. Curries are generally too harsh to be used on the legs or head, though varieties made of softer rubber are available.

Metal currycomb:
a currycomb made of metal, with a handle. They are designed for use on show cattle. There is no reason for a horse owner to buy one. However, some barns have them sitting around and use them for cleaning out softer-bristled brushes. For removing mud and winter hair, as well as for cleaning brushes, a shedding blade (see below) is preferable to a metal curry, and a shedding blade can also do double duty for cleaning out other brushes.

 

Dandy brushes
Dandy brush or Hard brush: A stiff-bristled brush is used to remove the dirt, hair and other material stirred up by the curry. Brushes are used in the direction of the horse’s hair coat growth, usually in short strokes from front to back, except at the flanks, where the hair grows in a different pattern. The best quality dandy brushes are made of stiff natural bristles such as rice stems, though they wear out quickly. Plastic-bristled dandy brushes are more common. Dandy brushes can usually be used on the legs, but many horses object to a stiff brush being used on the head. Some dandy brushes do double duty as a *Water Brush, dampened in water and used to wet down the mane and tail.

Body brush or Soft brush:
A soft-bristled brush removes finer particles and dust, adds a shine to the coat and is soothing to the horse. A body brush can be used on the head, being careful to avoid the horse’s eyes. Some natural body brushes are made of boar bristles, like human hairbrushes, others are made of soft synthetic fibers. The body brush is always the last brush used on the horse.

Grooming rag or towel
,   A terrycloth towel or other type of cloth can be used to give a final polish to a horse’s coat and is also used after riding to help remove sweat.

Mane brush or comb:
Horses with short, pulled manes have their manes combed with a wide-toothed plastic or metal comb. The mane comb is also used for pulling the mane. Tails and long manes are brushed with either a dandy brush or a suitable human hairbrush. Extremely long show-quality manes and tails are often picked out by hand to avoid breaking the hairs.

Hoof pick:
A hooked tool, usually of metal, used to clean the hooves of a horse. Some designs include a small, very stiff brush for removing additional mud or dirt. All four feet of the horse need to be cleaned out before and after riding.

 

A shedding blade 
Shedding blade: In special weather conditions, a metal shedding blade with short, dull teeth is used to remove loose winter hair. A shedding blade is also useful for removing caked-on mud. However, grooming tools with metal teeth can split and dull the horse’s hair coat and may irritate the skin, so must be used with appropriate care. Likewise, metal grooming tools used on sheep and show cattle may also be too harsh to use on a horse.

Fly spray:
In the summer, fly spray is often applied to the horse after grooming. Care must be taken to avoid the eyes and mucus membranes.

Bot knife:
used to remove botfly eggs from the horse, which are usually laid on the legs or shoulder. Bot eggs are yellow and roughly the size of a grain of sand, they are clearly visible on dark hair, harder to spot on white hair. A small pumice stone is also commonly used for the same purpose.

Scissors or Clippers
: Sometimes, though not always, horses are clipped with scissors or, preferably, electric clippers, to remove or shorten unwanted hair. 

Sponges: Small sponges can be used to clean the nose, lips and dock, larger sponges can be used to wet down and clean the body and legs.

See our complete line of grooming supplies

About the Author

Owner of English Habit, Your online store for English Equestrian Horse Tack and Riding Apparel.

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If your a decent rider, no, they shouldn’t be much harder than a western saddle. I sometimes have problems with the stirrup leathers rubbing me if I’m not wearing my chaps however. If you get an Australian saddle make sure it is sized right in the length otherwise I find it is hard to make contact with a horse who needs heel.

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Horse Tack-Purchasing A Western Saddle Blanket

At first it can seems like such a simple task, all you have to do is open that glossy horse supply and tack catalog that is laying on the table and purchase a new Western saddle pad. No problem.

Just a few short seconds after opening the catalog you realize exactly how big a project you are about to undertake. Instead of opening the catalog and finding the one or two saddle pads you expected you find your self facing page after page after page of saddle pads. Each saddle pad has its own cut, material type, and function. The magazine offers a brief blurb on each pad but nothing that is really helpful. The only thing that the blankets seem to have in common is the price…expensive.

The first thing you need to consider is your budget. The typical horse person operates on a tight budget. Every day they are confronted with a flood of bills that never seems to stop, feed bills, veterinarian bills, board bills, lesson bills, and miscellaneous bills. It is tempting to purchase the cheapest saddle blanket the catalogue sells. Before you place that order you should stop and think. When it comes to tack cheaper is typically not better. Cheap saddle blankets tend to be so thin that they offer next to no cushioning, the flimsy material often bunches and can cause saddle sores if the owner is negligent when saddling. Cheap blankets can slide while the owner is riding (this is especially true if your horse is as round as a barrel). The advantage to cheap saddle blankets is that they are typically washing machine cleanable, but the downside is that they seldom last for more then a few cleanings. The one time I recommend buying a really cheap Western saddle pad is when you are first saddling a young horse. If cost is a major issue consider looking in the clearance sections of the catalogs and tack stores. I’ve found that I typically find the best deals on saddle blankets when I’m not looking for one.

The second thing you need to take into consideration when you are looking for a Western saddle blanket is what type of saddle do you have. Not all Western saddles are designed the same, there are saddles cut to fit specific breeds  (Arabians and Quarter Horses typically use a different saddle design), saddles that are designed for different purposes (a barrel racing saddle looks completely different from a saddle that a roper will be riding in). The important thing to remember is that the when the saddle pad is on, no part of the underside of the saddle should be touching the horses back.

It is important to consider your horses body type when you are purchasing a saddle blanket. If you own a horse whose mid section resembles a barrel and their withers are nothing more then a distant memory (this is the typical body type of ponies) you will want to look for a saddle pad that is made of material that is designed not to slip and slide all over the place. If you are a rider that typically leans heavily on one side of your saddle you will also want to consider a non-slip saddle blanket. If your horse has prominent withers you will want to look for a saddle blanket that will add extra protection and padding in the front. A swaybacked horse requires a saddle pad that will offer extra support everywhere, you’ll also want to look for a saddle pad that is thick enough you saddle will sit above the horses withers and hips.

Western saddle pads are not easy to clean. They are typically to stiff and cumbersome to fit in a washing machine and if you are able to cram them into your washing machine you will quickly learn that it can take several days before they are dry. Once a Western saddle pad has been washed it typically doesn’t look the same again. Most Western riders try to keep their saddle pads clean by placing a cheap Navajo rug under the think fluffy Western Blanket.

About the Author

For a free report on “How to Improve Your Riding” see Theresa’s Horse Aficianado blog at http://www.horseridingblankets.com/blog or become a fan of Horse Aficianado at http://www.facebook.com/home.php#/pages/Horse-Aficianado/274542565087?ref=mf and have fun with other horse lovers.

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Market Competition Perfect and Monopolistic Competition

The business community continually changes and ownership of businesses change hands as smaller entities are swallowed up by bigger corporations. We hear about it all the time in the news, but yet very few people can name a example of monopolistic competition, or realise what the definition monopolistic competition is. This article gives a brief insight into the definition monopolistic competition and monopolistic competitive firm.

The definition monopolistic competition is firms which in effect hold a monopoly over their products, in that the firm is able to influence the market price of its product by altering the rate of production. Monopolistic competitive firms produce products that are not perfect substitutes or are at least perceived to be different to all other brands products.

Unlike in perfect competition, the monopolistic competitive firm does not produce at the lowest possible average total cost. Instead, the firm produces at an inefficient output level, reaping more in additional revenue than it incurs in additional cost versus the efficient output level.

It could be said, to name a example of monopolistic competition, firms who control oil production or gas production are monopolistic. They produce identical products except for branding, but due to a relatively low number of firms who control the vast amount of the product, can control the price to an extent by decreasing supply slightly.

The opposite of monopolistic competition is perfect competition. Perfect competition is an economic model that describes a hypothetical market form in which no producer or consumer has the market power to influence prices. While monopolistic competition is inefficient, perfect competition is the most efficient, with supply meeting demand and production therefore matching this, so stock is not sat in storage for prolonged periods or going to waste.

An example of a perfect competition is some agricultural markets, where supply is to meet demand. However, this example is not strictly the case in places such as Europe, where subsidies are provided encouraging farmers to produce as much as possible regardless of demand.

Perhaps the best examples of perfect competition companies would be large auctions of identical goods with all potential buyers and sellers present. By definition, a stock exchange resembles this. The flaw in considering the stock exchange as an example of Perfect Competition is the fact that large institutional investors (e.g. investment banks) may solely influence the market price. This, of course, violates the condition that “no one seller can influence market price”.

About the Author

Secret Competitions explores the issue of competition so that you can find out more information about competitions that you can take part in, and competitions that you did not realise existed which could affect your life. For more information please visit http://www.secretcompetitions.com/

The Caribbean Pearl of Havana

Havana is the capital of Cuba – the largest and probably one of the most beautiful Caribbean cities. Its calm beaches, located on Jibacoa, El Peñón del Fraile, Puerto Escondido and Arroyo Bermejo northern coast as well as El Salado on the north-west have become the basis for tourist development. If your hobby is ecological tourism, you can explore wonderful districts with breathtaking landscapes here. Havana also offers a great amount of attractions – monuments, museums, churches and cathedrals. And, of course, the main Havana symbols – La Giraldilla tower weather vane and Castillo del Morro lighthouse.

Havana is located in the south-west of Cuba. The city’s newly built district is situated on the Vedado embankment, along the bank of the Malecón and La Rampa street. It is here that numerous villas and high-serviced hotels to suit every taste are located. Go along the Cubanakan bay and you will see the whole line of well-equipped beaches and yacht-clubs as well as a huge attraction park. On the other bank of the Almendares river you can also observe a luxurious district that is occupied with private villas and luxury Miramar hotels. There are lots of modern tourist complexes built on the coast not far from Havana, that have everything you need to spend a good time here and get acquainted with life of the local citizens.

If you have a bird’s-eye view of Havana, you will see a white-pink city that is bordered by the blue Maxican bay. In 1982 Cuban capital was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Havana is a very picturesque city with ancient architecture adjoining modern buildings. The historical centre of the city is Old Havana, with its Castillo del Morro and Castillo de la Punta fortresses as well as La Cabana and La Real Fuerza fortresses on the western coast.

Go farther the Malecón embankment and you will reach the main Havana street Paseo del Prado, or simply Prado. This is the most popular place for walks and traditional city carnivals to be held here. The boulevard is considered to be one of the main Old Havana’s architectural monuments. Here you will find the main Capitol building – El Capitolo occupied by the Academy of Science and the National Library as well as the museum of local history. The past President’s Palace (which is the Museum of the Revolution now), the Governor’s Palace and the Granma memorial are also found not far from here.

As for more common entertainment, it is of course mainly connected with the sea. Havana beaches are located 25 km away from the city. Spread around the capital’s eastern part like a pearl necklace, they are often called “the blue ring”. There are also four international diving centers found in Havana that occupy a 62 mile territory. It is a truly unique place, with remains of the ships that drowned here, that were named the part of the National historic heritage.

And finally, there is a Marina Hemingway place 30 minutes drive from the centre of Havana where annual fishing competitions to catch the biggest sword-fish are held. Amateur and professional competitors come here from all over the world to show their skills.

Go to Havana hotels

to book a room at Havana hotel

About the Author

Allrez.com – online hotel reservation.

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Sony HDR-UX7 ~ Top of the line AVCHD camcorder

The Sony HDR-UX7 is one of the camcorders featuring the AVCHD standard, which allows recordings to be made to DVDs. It has standard extensive array of Sony camcorder features, respectable image quality, and easy to use interface. It is a solid option for users who want a HD capable DVD camcorder. The clarity of images is good and is enough to satisfy non-professionals.

With the smooth slow record function, you can create slow motion video by playing back short video clips at 240 frames per second. Newly added voice memo allows you to playback those clips with audio recordings. Dual record mode is even more useful now that the camcorder can shoot video, while simultaneously capturing a 4.6 Megapixel digital still picture.

You will appreciate that the HDR-UX7 camcorder records directly to blank three-inch DVDs for playback, sharing and archiving. HD content recorded on DVDs can be played back on Blu-ray Disc devices and the PlayStation 3 video console, as well as on standard DVD drives on compatible PCs. This camcorder shoots clear, detailed video in dark environments. It also features Carl Zeiss Vario-Sonnar optics for exceptional video quality, high-resolution SwivelScreen LCD screens with Clear Photo LCD plus technology for excellent contrast and accurate color reproduction, and an HDMI terminal for simple connection to compatible HD televisions and displays.

The UX7 is comfortable to hold, with all buttons in easy reach. The interface navigated via touch screen is well laid out and easy to navigate. Battery life is incredibly good at over two hours, especially considering that a single DVD’s capacity is just under one hour at the lowest quality setting, and around 20 minutes at the highest.

If you’re looking for a high definition DVD camcorder to make the nicest looking home videos in your neighborhood, the Sony HDR-UX7 is a solid choice.

About the Author

I am very passionate and determined in all aspects of my life. I love to laugh and make others laugh with me. Some may call me sarcastic and I do have a strong witty streak.
My daughter is the most important person in my life and I love to spend time with her, make jokes together and just hang out.